Fingerprint based security system

Project Cost: 11,200

Project Code: 1901

Download the Synopsis of the project

Description of the project:

Fingerprint based security system can be used in many places like Industries, Offices, and Colleges or even at our homes. This project is a fine combination of “Biometrics technology” and “Embedded system technology”. The fingerprint sensor is the main part of this system. It makes use of a Biometric sensor to detect fingerprints. It is also called a Biometric sensor. The fingerprint sensor uses various types of techniques like ultrasonic method, optical method, or thermal technique. In this project, we used an optical fingerprint sensor.

The main blocks of this project are Microcontroller, Fingerprint module, Buzzer, Relay, Keypad, LCD display, and Motor. The user has to place his/her finger on the optical sensor part of the fingerprint module. We have seen Password based security system RFID based security system. The main feature or specialty of fingerprint is that it is unique. It gives this project a high-level security than other security systems. Person recognition using Fingerprint identification is used for a long time. The most common example is used in criminal cases.

Video of the project: Fingerprint based security system

How does this project work?

• To operate this project first we have to operate this project in “Settings mode or Admin mode”. In this mode, we have to enter data into the database of fingerprint sensors, and for this, we have to take impressions of the fingerprints of the person to whom we want to give access to our security system. This can be done once or whenever a new entry has to be added in the system.
• Then this project has to be used in “Normal mode or Search mode”. In this mode the system compares the fingerprint input received at its optical plate with the previously stored fingerprint from its flash memory. If the entry matches with the memory then it gives out ok signal along with the identity number of that person. But if the entry does not match with the memory then it gives out error signal. The output received from fingerprint sensor is given to the microcontroller. Microcontroller then compares these output data. Function of microcontroller is to turn on the respective device depending upon the input received. In case of OK signal from fingerprint module, microcontroller turns on the Relay and a Motor. However, if the error output is received then it turns on the Buzzer.

How does a fingerprint scanner work:

The fingerprint is a pattern made up of ridges and valleys on our fingertip skin. While storing the entry in the database, the scanner takes an image of these patterns and stores it in its own memory. Then while performing the search operation, it again takes the pattern of the fingerprint of that user who needs to gain access. This pattern is compared with all patterns previously stored in memory. In short, it performs a task that is related to Digital image processing. It performs various iterations and executes matching algorithms and if it finds an exact match then it gives out a fingerprint ID number. Otherwise, it gives out an error signal.

Block Diagram of Fingerprint based security system:

You will get the following documents with this project:

1. Project Report in PDF format and in doc (word) format
2. Circuit diagram
3. PCB layout
4. Microcontroller program in assembly language
5. Hex file of the microcontroller code
6. Datasheets of all the components / ICs used in the project
7. Powerpoint Presentation / PPT file

Project Photographs:

Description in detail:

The following are the important blocks of this system:

1. Fingerprint sensor: We have used R305 Finger Print Sensor. It has an Optical biometric fingerprint reader. It also has inbuilt flash memory. It performs the function of image processing and gives out data on its output pin.
2. Microcontroller: This is the CPU (central processing unit) of our project. We are going to use a microcontroller of 8051 families. The various functions of microcontrollers are like: I. Reading various digital input signals from fingerprint sensor II. Sending this data to LCD so that the person operating this project should understand the status. III. Giving the respective signal to the various output devices. Relay and DC motor for valid access and buzzer for invalid access. IV. Sending the data to the computer using the serial port. This data consists of the status of valid or invalid access
3. LCD Display: We have used a 16×2 alphanumeric Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) which means it can display alphabets along with numbers on 2 lines each containing 16 characters.
4. Buzzer: We are going to use a buzzer to indicate the invalid access to open the door.
5. Keypad: The user will enter various commands using the keypad. Various keys of the keypad are as follows, I. Add fingerprint entry II. Search fingerprint III. Empty the database of the fingerprint module

Applications of Fingerprint based security system:

1. Industrial application: “Fingerprint-based security system” project can be used by employees, staff, or workers in various industries like Automobile industries, manufacturing industries, and Software development companies.
2. Home or domestic application: This project can be used to automate the door locking process at our home, so the user needs not have to carry the door lock keys along with him, he can just use his/her finger to open the door
3. Bank Lockers or security safes: Many banks use key-based or password-based locks for their lockers or safes. We can implement Fingerprint based bank locker system using this project.

Advantages:

1. The Fingerprint based security system is the most secure system as compared to other systems. The reason is that RFID cards or Keys to lock can be stolen, and passwords may be leaked. However, a thumbnail of every human being is unique, so the lock will not open unless the same person is present to give the impression of the fingerprint.
2. No need to carry the keys to open the lock. Or even there is no need to remember the password or any Pin number.
3. One of the main advantages is that this system remembers the stored password even if the power supply is turned off.
4. Scientific research and studies have proved that fingerprints do not change as you grow up.
5. Using Fingerprint saves time to gain access as compared to other methods like RFID cards, passwords, or keys.

Future Development:

1. This data can be sent to a remote location using mobile or the internet
2. A touchless 3D fingerprint scanner can be used as a non-contact fingerprint sensor.
3. We can implement other related modules like fire sensors, and GSM modems.

Precautions to be taken while accessing the fingerprint sensor:

Questions and answers about this project:

Question: You mentioned the keypad in the report. Where is it in the hardware?

Answer: Previously we used to have a keypad with 3 keys. Key1 for Add, Key2 for Delete and Key3 for Search. But now we have removed Search key from that keypad. We have provided Push button for search key. So now we are using Keypad with 2 keys (Add and Delete)

Question: How I can delete one user?

Answer: One user can not be delted. Delete button is provided to delete all users.